Effect of tillage deep and phosphate fertilizer in growth and yield of sun flower (Helianthusannuus L.)

Abstract

An experiment was carried out during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons at Akad horticulture station , Shatra , Theqar  governorate .This study was conducted to investigate the influence  of plowing depth and phosphorous fertilization on growth and yield , its components , oil percentage and oil yield of sunflower for variety Peredovick. Also there interactions .

        Split plots arrangement in (R.C.B.D) with four replicates was used. The main treatment was the plowing depth (0-20) cm and (0-40) cm, where as the fertilizer levels of phosphor (0, 80 and 160) kg p2o5/ha was used as sub treatment. The area of experiment unite was (3*3) m contained (4) rows, planting at (75*30) cm space. Results showed that plowing depth (0-40) cm gave higher values for most characteristics during y the two study seasons 2001 and 2002 respectively.   Results olso showed that deep  plowing (0-40)cm  gave a higher yield of seed (2.246 , 2.351) ton / ha ,  higher oil percentage   40.9 % and 41.1 % and oil yield ( 0.928 , 0.973) ton / ha during for two study seasons 2001 and 2002.

     The fertilizer levels of (160) kg P₂O₅ /ha gave higher yield of seed ( 2.372 , 2.064) ton / ha  ,oil percentage  42.2 % , 42.0 % and oil yield (1.006 , 1.032) ton/ha  for two study seasons 2001 and 2002. Therefore the best combination was deep plowing (0-40) cm with 160 kg/ha P₂O₅ increased the yield of seed which was (2.610 , 2.682) ton/ha and oil percentage   44.6 % , 44.9%  also increased the yield of

oil which was (1.138 and 1.183) ton/ha for 2001 and 2002 respectively.