Kerbala Journal of Pure Sciences

Reduction of 2-nitroaniline using AgNPs

2023-06-10T14:00:02+00:00

In this research, the Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) in size of 14-38 nm were prepared from AuCl₃using CDs solution as a reducing agent. The CDs capability for direct reduction of gold ions to elemental gold (Au⁰) without additional reducing and stabilizing agents was investigated. The catalytic activity of nanoparticles in the hydrogenation reaction of 2-nitroaniline was determined. The results show that the nanoparticles had high catalytic activity in the sodium borohydride-mediated hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds

Significant monosaccharides-based 1,2,3-triazoles; synthesis and their anticancer

2024-05-20T07:38:23+00:00

1,2,3-Triazoles based on carbohydrates have become a promising class of compounds due to their miscellaneous chemical characteristics and their medical applications. A diverse range of carbohydrate scaffolds, such as ribose, glucose, mannose, and galactose, have been employed as precursors to produce a broad spectrum of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives that exhibit improved bioactivity and pharmacokinetic properties. Recent developments in the synthesis and anticancer activity of these derivatives are highlighted in this review. The copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, which is commonly catalyzed by copper(I) to produce carbohydrate-based 1,2,3-triazoles, providing facile access to structurally diverse to derivatives with a variety of structural properties is also covered. The review also focused on the synthesis of some important sugar-derived azides and terminal alkynes.

Evaluation of the harmful effects of mebetalin drug on some anatomical parameters and structural abnormalities in albino rat embryos during late stage of gestation.

2023-11-22T05:56:14+00:00

The therapeutic dose of the drug mebetalin was used at a dose of 135 mg which is a drug described as antispasmodic and convulsive, as well as directly relaxes the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract relieving the pain of contractions in it, 10 pregnant white rats belonging to the type of Rattus rattus which were distributed into two sets with five pregnant rats for each of them: the first five pregnant females were treated with distilled water only and were left as control animals, while the other five pregnant rats were injected intraperitoneally with the mebetalin drug from the third day until the twentieth day of gestation at the rate of one dose per day, on the twentieth day of gestation the animals were injected with the last dose in the morning and then in the evening the female rats were dissected after anesthesia after that the horns of the uterus and the embryos inside it were extracted and their body weights of embryos and the placenta were measured and the skeletal deformities of these embryos were also studied after their skeletons were clearing. The results of present study pointed to that the uterine horns of pregnant rats that were treated with mebetalin suffered from pathological and abnormal signs of the uterine horns which were characterized by a small number of embryos and their heterogeneous distribution and the absorption of some embryos for twenty days of gestation compared with cinical signs of uterine horns and the embryos for twenty days of gestation in control set .

The study data recorded a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the weights of the embryos body and weights of placenta of pregnant rats that were injected with mebetalin for twenty days of gestation when comparing the weights of embryos body and placenta of control rats for the same gestation period.

Results of astudy indicated that a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the lenghts of the body and lenghts of upper and lower extremities in the set of pregnant rats treated with mebetalin of twenty days of gestation comparing with control pregnant rats set for twenty days of gestation and the results of drying of the skeletons of the embryos on the twentieth day of gestation revealed that there were many different structural deformities in the set whose mothers were treated with the drug, compared with the skeletons of the embryos of the control set during the same period of gestation (twenty days).

Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa common among microorganisms isolated from ear infections in Karbala Governorate

2024-03-27T09:41:28+00:00

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of pathogenic opportunistic microbes that can infect almost every tissues in the body due to its possession of a variety of virulent properties that contribute significantly to pathogenicity. To detect the prevalence of P aeruginosa from different stages of ear infections and to study some of the virulence factors possessed by this bacterium, 110 swabs from ear infections were collected and cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar and cetrimide agar plates media. The plates were incubated for 24 to 48 hours at 37°C, and growth was determined using these media. The microbial isolates were differentiated using a variety of biochemical techniques. The common isolates identified using standard bacteriological methods namely morphology, colony characteristics and biochemical tests. The results showed that 30 isolates (30.93%) were P. aeruginosa, with other 67 isolates (69.07%) belonging to various microbial genera. P. aeruginosa was Gram-negative, showed hemolysis upon blood agar, and were motile. Biochemical assays revealed that each isolate were positive for catalase, oxidase, citrate, and indole. The results were confirmed using VITEK 2 system and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the 16srRNA gene. PCR results revealed that 100% of the isolates possessed this gene with a size of 956 base pairs. P. aeruginosa was also investigated for some virulence factors, the results indicated that all isolates )100% (produced hemolysin, whereas 23 isolates (76.66%) were positive for Protease qualitative assay, and 24 of the isolates (80%) produced Pyocyanin pigment.

Facial Kinship Verification in Forensic Investigation Using Deep Neural Networks

2023-11-21T07:48:21+00:00

The human face contains a wealth of information that is influenced by genetics. Family members often share common facial characteristics due to their shared genetic makeup. By comparing the facial features of individuals, forensic investigators can examine the degree of similarity and infer their kinship. Kinship verification provides a powerful tool in forensic investigations, contributing to the resolution of missing person cases, social media analysis, genealogy research, and historical study. A Kinship Verification model is proposed using a three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network. This approach involves analyzing two face images and extracting the relationship between them and determining if these are Kin or not. This work consists of the following stages: face preprocessing, deep features extraction and Classification. Extensive experiments revealed promising results compared with many state-of-the-art approaches. The accuracy of the proposed system reached 92.25% in the KinFaceW-I dataset and 95.25%in the KinFaceW-II dataset.

Coverless Text Information Hiding Techniques: A Review

2024-04-15T09:03:04+00:00

In the digital era, protecting confidential information from unauthorized access is crucial. Information can be represented through a variety of communicative media, including text, video, audio, and images, with text being the most common. Traditional methods require carriers to disguise secret information, leading to carrier modifications which are challenging to avoid steganalysis. In contrast, coverless information hiding does not modify the carrier and transfers hidden information directly via the stego cover’s built-in attributes. The most crucial positive significance for the development of coverless information hiding technology is based on the Chinese mathematical phrase. The primary goal of this review is to examine the most recent findings in the fields of coverless hiding, development approaches, selected datasets, metrics of performance, and issues of hiding applications in English, Chinese, and other languages. The findings demonstrate that researchers have considered the Keywords+ tags, approaches while the approach-based Markov model is mainly used with the English language. Additionally, the study reveals that hiding capacity, success rate, and security analysis metrics are the most common metrics used to evaluate coverless information hiding performance. As a final point, the unresolved issues and potential future directions are addressed to improve hiding capacity and algorithm efficiency, embed and extract information correctly, and extend these techniques to other languages.

Gender Prediction based on Facial features Using Convolu-tion Neural Network

2024-04-21T07:31:37+00:00

The gender prediction involves the detection of an individual's gender by facial features analysis. The growth of applications that require facial recognition has created an urgent need for such techniques for security and commercial rationales. Gender identification via facial recognition has received great interest among researchers, as well as various techniques used in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning, with a particular focus on the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for gender classification task. This paper proposes an excellent convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for gender identification based on facial features. The model is trained and evaluated using a dataset sourced from Kaggle. In addition to the suggested Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, the performance of a pretrained MobileNetV2 model and InceptionV3 model is evaluated on the same dataset. The CNN model achieved a commendable accuracy rate of 96.28%, while the MobileNetV2 and InceptionV3 models achieved 95.81% and 97.09%, respectively. The k-fold cross-validation is occupied for the CNN model as a trial for enhancing the accuracy rate to achieve 97.75% accuracy.

Correlation of Human Cytomegalovirus Prevalence With Repeated Miscarriages In The City of Karbala, Iraq

2024-03-13T06:25:39+00:00

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), also recognized as human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), is prevalent within the herpesvirus family. The majority of CMV infections exhibit either no symptoms or mild flu-like manifestations, complicating its detection and often resulting in undetected infections. CMV infections can have serious consequences for certain populations, including newborns and individuals with weakened immune systems.

This study sought to elucidate the associations between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the frequency of miscarriages as well as the gestational age at which pregnancy loss occurs among expectant mothers.

In this study, 150 samples were analyzed, comprising women who had experienced recurrent miscarriage (100 samples) and a control group (50 samples), recruited from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Karbala, Iraq. The age range of participants varied from 15 to 50 years old. Sample collection occurred between December 2022 and February 2023, focusing on placental specimens.In this investigation, scholars employed the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 28.0 developed by IBM in Chicago, Illinois, USA.

A study was revealed HCMV DNA presence in 28 samples (18.67%), including both miscarriage patients and healthy pregnant women.A statistically significant correlation was observed between HCMV and various factors: the number of abortions, the week of abortion, and maternal age categories (35-44), (25-34), (15-24) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) respectively. However, no significant correlation was found between recurrent miscarriage and the number of abortions, the week of abortion, and maternal age (45-54 years).Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the number of participants and the control maternal age.

The Study of Some biochemical markers associated with prognosis of Breast cancer in Iraqi women

2024-02-04T03:18:22+00:00

Prediction of treatment outcome in patients with advanced breast cancer remains a challenge. Even within the same stage, survival and response vary, so the goal of This study was to evaluate the prognostic value of systemic inflammatory markers available in the general laboratory: C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer (DD), Porcalcitonin (PC) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study carried out between January 1, 2022 and May 31, 2023 with a total of 98 with patients with different stage of breast cancer. From which the levels of the inflammatory markers CRP, DD, PC and ESR were obtained prior to the first line of chemotherapy, and at the time of evaluation of the response to management. The study evaluate the correlation of basal levels and their variation with the response to treatment, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The value of a combined index (CRP + ESR) in prognosis was also assessed.

Results: 98 patients with a mean age of 55 years (SD ± 12) were included; 70% were women, 83% had adenocarcinoma, 47% had more than two organs involved by metastasis and 89% had an IK > 70%. At the start of chemotherapy, 52%, 43%, 53% and 34% had abnormal levels of PC, DD, ESR and CRP, respectively. Patients with low ESR (p = 0.004), high DD (p = 0.012) and abnormal CRP (p = 0.040) had a worse overall response rate to chemotherapy From first line. In the bivariate analysis, patients with elevated CRP (HR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.28-2.69; p = 0.008) and DD (HR 2.56, 95% CI: 01.05-03.04, p = 0.006) had inferior PFS; Likewise, patients with high CRP (HR 1.9, 95% CI: 01.04- 02.01, p = 0.04) and low albumin levels (HR 2.9, 95% CI: 2.1-4.6, p = 0.03) had worse OS. In the multivariate analysis, both albumin and CRP were independent prognostic factors for survival.

Importance of CBC and CBC-Derived Parameters in Type II Diabetic Patients (with and without foot ulcer).

2024-04-25T18:36:52+00:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition affecting 1 out of every 11 people worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the major consequences of diabetes, causing considerable socioeconomic and health problems. The influence of diabetes on hematological markers has been evaluated with challenged results. However, Hematological parameters may not be regularly used as laboratory diagnostic biomarkers to monitor diabetes and its consequences. Objective: to investigate the effect of DM on the hematological parameters and the diagnostic capability of discriminating such medical conditions. Method: Prospective case-control study of 49 healthy control and 98 diabetic patients (49 without DFU- 49 with DFU) were included. Age and sex were matched among the three studied groups. Blood sample was collected from each subject and used for CBC analysis. Result: The ratio of Male to Female was (88/59=1.49). Most of the patients were in the 5^th and 6^th decades among three studied groups. A significant difference in the mean level of HB, RBC, Total WBC, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Platelets, NLR, PLR, and PNR among the three studied groups was observed. The ROC curve analysis documented that PLR had good discrimination power between DFU and Healthy subjects (AUC=0.814) in addition to NLR (AUC=0.802). Conclusions: PLR is simple, inexpensive, and is a useful marker for discrimination between DFU and healthy control.