Pure Sciences International Journal of Kerbala

Morphological Change in Human Liver Cancer Cells HepG2 Induced by Ampicillin-Chitosan

Zahraa Ayad Ali — 2024-06-30

In this work, the effectiveness of the binding of ampicillin, one of the beta-lactam antibiotics, with nano-chitosan extracted from the skeletons of marine crustaceans was tested on human liver cancer cells Hep G2 ex vivo. The results were positive, as the binding was effective through the weakening of the vibration peaks of the active functional groups, according to the results of FTIR test, and the drug was toxic to the aforementioned cell lines and its effect increases with the dose, causing them to lose the integrity of their membranes, shrinkage of their cytoplasm, and fragmentation of their DNA, which indicates the activation of the programmed death pathway in them. This confirmed the synergistic role of chitosan in enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of Ampicillin.

Numerical Solution of The Two-dimensional Diffusion Logistic Model (Crank-Nicolson )

Mohammed Hasan Hameed — 2024-06-30

The paper presents a detailed numerical analysis of the nonlinear fourth-order fractional reaction-diffusion equation using the compact difference method. The introduction of the fourth-order fractional derivative adds additional complexity to the equation, making its analytical solution challenging. Therefore, a numerical approach becomes necessary to understand the behavior of the equation and obtain approximate solutions. The compact difference method, known for its accuracy and efficiency in solving differential equations, is used to discretize the spatial and temporal derivatives of the equation. The fractional derivatives are approximated using suitable fractional difference operators. The resulting system is solved iteratively using appropriate numerical techniques. The study delves into a reaction-diffusion model utilized in brain gliomas, incorporating two different diffusion functions. In order to achieve a thorough comprehension, the analysis is broadened to encompass various types of tissue environments. Diverse scenarios are scrutinized, with the diffusion coefficient staying consistent to depict a uniform tissue environment. Furthermore, instances where the diffusion coefficient changes spatially are explored, bringing heterogeneity into the model. This spatial diversity accommodates the differing characteristics of distinct regions within the brain. Following this, the examination is expanded to include heterogeneous tissue environments in two dimensions.

Study of Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlations and Stepwise Regression Analysis in Maize Under the Influence of Combinations of Nitrogen Fertilization and Humic Acid

Marwa Kareem Salman Al-Mafraji — 2024-06-30

An experiment was commducted in the fields of Ibn Al-Bitar Preparatory Vocational School in Al-Hussainiya District-Holy Karbala governorate during the spring season 2021. Split-plot arrangement with in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications was applied.The objective of this experiment was to identify the traits most related to the grain yield and determin its predictive equation for six maize genotypes (5018, Bahouth 106, Al-Maha, Fajr 1, Al-Furat and Sarah) under the effect of four levels of fertilization (160 N kg.ha^-1, 160 N kg.ha^-1with humic acid, 320 N kg.ha^-1 and 320 N kg.ha^-1 with humic acid) where the genotypes of maize represented the subplots and fertilization as the main plots.

Several traits of growth, quality, characteristics of the crop and some of its components were studied, in addition to studying some traits of the tassel and vitality of pollen grains. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations were studied, and an equation predicting the grain yield was found through a stepwise regression analysis.

The analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic correlations showed that the values of the genotypic correlations were higher than the values of the phenotypic correlations for most traits. Grain yield was connected with a highly significant positive phenotypic correlation with the characteristics of leaf area, the 500 grain’s weight and yield efficiency, and a highly significant positive genetic correlation with the 500 grain’s weight (0.97) and yield efficiency (0.71).

It became clear from the stepwise regression analysis that the independent traits that are closely associated with the dependent variable (yield) were, according to the predictive equation for yield, the 500 grain’s weight, yield efficiency and leaf area, as these traits were responsible for 95% of the yield variance.

We conclude from the foregoing that it is possible to use the 500 grain’s weight as a selective criterion to achieve the highest genotypic correlation with grain yield, and the stepwise regression analysis confirms this

Several characteristics of growth, quality, characteristics of the crop and some of its components were studied, in addition to studying some characteristics of the tassel and vitality of pollen grains. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations were studied, and an equation predicting the grain yield was found through a stepwise regression analysis.

The analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic correlations showed that the values of the genetic correlations were higher than the values of the phenotypic correlations for most traits. Grain yield was associated with a highly significant positive phenotypic correlation with the characteristics of leaf area, weight of 500 grains and yield efficiency, and a highly significant positive genetic correlation with weight of 500 grains (0.97) and yield efficiency (0.71).

It became clear from the stepwise regression analysis that the independent traits that are closely associated with the dependent variable (yield) were, according to the predictive equation for yield, the weight of 500 grains, yield efficiency and leaf area, as these traits were responsible for 95% of the yield variance.

We conclude from the foregoing that it is possible to use 500 grains as a selective criterion to achieve the highest genotypic correlation with grain yield, and the stepwise regression analysis confirmed this.

N2 Schiff Ligand with Mercury (II) Complex: Preparation and Characterization

Salwa Jassim Haji — 2024-06-30

The Bi dentate ligand type N₂ molecule have been prepared through one step reaction between one equivalent of acetyl acetone with two equivalent of 4-phenoxy aniline, using ethanol as a solvent. This ligand was used to manufacture the target Hg (II) complex from action of the ligand and Mercury with a 1:1 ratio.The ligand and complex were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, the ultraviolet spectrum, the precise analysis of the elements (C.H.N.). ¹H-NMR spectrum and the mass spectrum of the new ligand were taken. The prepared complex was also diagnosed with molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. Suggested geometry around the Mercury ion is Tetrahedral.

The Relation between Diabetes Mellitus Type Two and Osteioarthritis in Iraqi Women

Soaad Abdullah Akaash — 2024-06-30

Diabetes mellitus type two and osteoarthritis are the most common diseases in Iraq in particular and in the world in general. There are many factors that lead to infection with these two diseases, which are considered the problem of the times. The obesity and aging are the main causes of these two diseases in addition to many other causes such as a wrong lifestyle, lack of exercise, etc. Some tests related to the two diseases were measured to determine the extent of the relationship between them, as fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1C for diabetes mellitus. Concerning osteoarthritis, serum calcium, vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase had been measured. The present work was carried out at Diabetic type two and osteoarthritis patients in orthopedic clinic in AL-IMAM Al- Hassan Hospital in holy Karbala city (50 women aged 40-70 years) and 40 women apparently healthy as a control group. The results showed that there is a significant difference between patients group and controls group in alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p<0.05). There are noteworthy differences in Alb and calcium (p<0.01), Alb and negatively important with PTH (P<0.05). Significant differences in high sensitivity C-reactive protein and phosphorus(P<0.05).

The results showed that there is a significant difference between patients group and controls group in alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p<0.05). There are significant differences in Alb and calcium(p<0.01), Alb and negatively significant with PTH (P<0.05). Significant differences in high sensitivity C-reactive protein and phosphorus(P<0.05).

Evaluation the Effectiveness of Nephelium lappaceum (Nl) Peel Aqueous Extract Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induced by Thioacetamide (TAA) in Male Albino Rats

Zahraa Fadel Thabet — 2024-06-30

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Nephelium lappaceum (Nl) peel aqueous extract against liver cancer induced by Thioacetamide (TAA). This study has been conducted in the College of Education for Pure Sciences / University of Karbala and the animal house of Pharmacy College / University of Karbala for the period from the beginning of November 2023 until February 2024 , and the Physiological tests have been done in Al-Husseini Teaching Hospital in the Holy Karbala Governorate / Department of Clinical Chemistry. 40 male rats (12 weeks old , weighing 250 grams) are divided into four groups. First group (G1) is administered distilled water, the second group (G2) is injected 200 mg/kg Thioacetamide (TAA) while the third group (G3) is administered 25mg/kg Nephelium lappaceum (Nl) peel aqueous extract. Fourth group (G4) is administered 25mg/kg Nephelium lappaceum (Nl) peel aqueous extract with 200mg/kg Thioacetamide (TAA). After 90 days, blood samples are collected to study the following parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aminotransaminase transfer (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and total bilirubin (TB) in addition to investigate the histological changes. The results show that TAA causes a significant increase (P < 0.01) in ALT, AST, ALP and T–BIL in (G2) compared with the (G1). While there is no significant increase (P > 0.01) in ALP, ALT, AST and T -BIL in G3 and G4 compared with the control. The results of the histological examination in G2 group reveal that treatment with TAA for 90 days leads to many noxious effects on liver cells with the appearance of many tumor nodules, vacillation and necrosis with infiltration of inflammatory cells. The study concludes that peel aqueous extract of Nephelium lappaceum (Nl) has a protective role against liver cancer induced by TAA in male rats.

Evaluation of Lipid Profile, Urea and Creatinine in Hypertensive Patients

Rasha Abbas Abdel Hussein — 2024-06-30

Hypertensive is a common disease that can be dangerous if left untreated. Also, many factors can cause high blood pressure, including high fat content. There is a strong relationship between high blood pressure and kidney weakness,This is because uncontrolled hypertensive is a major reson for chronic kidney disease.This study included 50 patients who were suffering from hypertensive and 40 individuals from the healthy control group. 50 patients who were suffering from high blood pressure, 28 males and 22 females, with ages ranging from 40 to 70 years, participated in this study. They were compared with the healthy group. The parameters measured in these groups were cholesterol and triglycerides and (LDL, HDL, VLDL) and urea and creatinine. The results of this study showed a significant difference when comparing the data of patients with high blood pressure with the group of healthy people. It is noticed that most of the analyzes were higher than the normal limit, which included cholesterol and triglycerides , (LDL, HDL, VLDL), urea, and creatinine in patients with hypertensive. The P value was in ≤ (0.0001).

The Medical Importance of Snails " A review"

Israa N. Ghulam — 2024-06-30

This research article provides a comprehensive review of the medical importance of snails from a medical standpoint, whether negative or positive on humans and animals, and whether their effect is direct or indirect. The medical importance of snails in general is in two ways: either as a carrier of disease or as a source of therapeutic agents. There are many aquatic snails that are considered intermediate hosts for parasitic flatworms. Some of them contribute to the spread of schistosomiasis, for example, and it causes great concern for public health. This disease may lead to chronic disease and can lead to severe damage to some organs of the body. Some marine snails, such as cone snails, produce conotoxins. This toxin is a biologically active compound with pharmaceutical potential. It is a powerful neurotoxin that is being studied for its analgesic properties and the possibility of using it as new painkillers. The study of snail biology and their interactions with parasites and bioactive substances offers promising approaches to combating diseases and developing new medical treatments. This study was supported by pictures and diagrams of the life cycle of some snails to clarify some concepts.

Separation Heavy Metals from Waste Water

Bedour Ali Mohammed — 2024-06-30

The aim of the study of wastewater treatment is to reduce the amount of pollutants in the waterways. Certain countries use biological filtration techniques, while others resort to sedimentation or filtration. Several factors have reduced harmful emissions, including technological advancements and a shift towards less mineral production. However, with the increasing consumption of heavy metals, it is of utmost importance to vigilantly monitor the concentration of these contaminants. Mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy are utilized to analyze the various elements in wastewater. These analytical tools are vital in this process and are highly regarded in scientific studies.

The Characterization / Photoreduction of Ternary Pt/AgI/ZnO Nanocomposites: A review

Inam Joudah Radhi — 2024-06-30

Since photo-catalysis uses light energy to drive chemical processes, it is commonly considered a green technology to help us handle the more pressing environmental and energy issues facing human society. Enhancing the properties of photocatalysts has been a major focus of research and development up to now. Thanks to their remarkable stability and strong catalytic performance, noble metal–ZnO nanocomposites are garnering a lot of interest as potential candidates for catalytic applications in the future.

This research focuses on photosynthesis-inspired studies that tackle global, environmental, and sociological issues such as sustainable agriculture, maintaining the balance of ecosystems, and producing clean energy. This review study presents a thorough explanation of this new class of nanostructures and emphasizes its potential applications across multiple fields, with the goal of encouraging researchers to integrate, investigate, and use multiple new ternary systems.

Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Optimize Reliability of Reduction Oxygen Supply System

Fouad Hamza Abd Alsharify — 2024-06-30

The goal of this paper is to maximize reliability of the spacecraft's oxygen reduction system at the lowest possible cost. The cuckoo algorithm was used with cost constraints based on two cost functions (sine and cosine). There was a comparison between the results of these two cost functions, where the best reliability of the system was obtained using the cosine function, and at a slightly higher cost when using the sine function.