Studying the effect of the pesticides Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate on some biological aspects of the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate pesticides on the southern cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus.  Experiments were conducted using three different concentrations (1, 1.5, 2) ml/1 liter (distilled water) of Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate on 10 selected insects (5 males, 5 females) placed on 10 grams of treated cowpea seeds. The results showed that Tondexir effectively eliminated C. maculatus, achieving a 100% mortality rate after 5 days at a concentration of 2 mL. In contrast, the biopesticide Emamectin benzoate showed high mortality rates for adult southern cowpea beetles, reaching 100% after one day at the same concentration. This confirms the effectiveness and superiority of Emamectin benzoate compared to the control group, which did not show any fatalities. Different concentrations of pesticides had varying effects on spawning rates, with significant differences observed between the treatment and control groups. These results indicate the effect of the pesticides Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate on the egg-laying process of the Southern Cowpea beetle. The study showed that different concentrations of Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate did not lead to egg hatching, while the control group showed a high hatching rate of about 90-93%. This confirms the ability of these pesticides to combat the southern cowpea beetle. In conclusion, the study highlighted the effectiveness of Emamectin benzoate in combating the Southern Cowpea beetle, as the pesticide Emamectin benzoate showed superior results. It also greatly affected egg productivity and hampered the egg-hatching process. These results indicated the possibility of using tondexir and Emamectin benzoate as effective substances to control Callosobruchus maculaus in Cowpea crops.