Ultrasound Assisted Extraction, Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Potency of Local Vitis Vinifera Leaves

Abstract

Background: Since many of the therapeutic claims of medicinal plants are supported by reliable scientific data, their long-standing use traditionally to treat common ailments such as fever and colds has received considerable attention. Extraction is the first step in medicinal plant research, given its importance in determining the yield and phytochemical composition of the extract through specific chemical tests, which in turn influences the results of subsequent biological tests. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) is one of the most common modern extraction methods, due to its use of fewer solvents and shorter processing time. It is important to remember that ultrasound frequencies above 20 kHz may produce free radicals, which may cause the decomposition of sensitive phytochemicals.

Method: Vitis Vinifera leaves were weighed after being shade-dried. (UAE) was used to extract the active chemical components. Dried Vitis Vinifera leaves, weighing 15 g each, were extracted using petroleum ether (40-60°C) (500) ml and methanol: water in a 50:50 ratio subsequently. The ultrasonic treatment time was 13 minutes at room temperature using an UP400St. Chemical screening tests were performed on two different polar aqueous methanol extracts and a non-polar organic petroleum ether extract after drying. The non-polar petroleum ether extract was analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method.

Results: Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenes, and alkaloids were found at high concentrations in    Vitis Vinifera L. extracts, according to chemical screening tests. Substances detected by the GC-MS approach included steroids, fatty acids, aldehydes, and hydroxylated compounds. The present study confirmed that the aqueous methanolic extracts at doses of 100, 200, 400,600 and 800, 1000 μg/ml were examined against oxidative compound DPPH.  According to the results, the methanol/water extract showed its efficacy to scavenge free radicals in vitro and the IC50 was measured. Ascorbic acid is used reference substances.

Conclusion: Given the elevated levels of phenols and total flavonoids in the extract, its antioxidant efficacy was assessed, beginning with its capacity to scavenge free radicals in vitro. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a prevalent contemporary extraction technique employed effectively, owing to its reduced solvent usage and abbreviated processing duration.