Clinical and Hematological Evaluation of Hydroxyurea Therapy in Iraqi Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia

Abstract

Background:

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a chronic inherited hemoglobinopathy associated with severe morbidity and reduced quality of life. Hydroxyurea (HU) is the most effective disease-modifying pharmacological therapy for SCA; however, continuous evaluation of its clinical and hematological impact in different populations is essential.

Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy and hematological effects of hydroxyurea therapy in Iraqi patients with sickle cell anemia.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 50 Iraqi patients diagnosed with SCA and treated with hydroxyurea for at least six months. Clinical outcomes included frequency of vaso-occlusive crises and pain intensity. Hematological parameters assessed were hemoglobin concentration and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) percentage. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods.

Results:

Hydroxyurea therapy resulted in a significant increase in HbF levels and total hemoglobin concentration. Additionally, patients experienced a notable reduction in pain intensity and frequency of vaso-occlusive crises. The drug was generally well tolerated, and no severe adverse drug reactions were observed.

Conclusion:

Hydroxyurea demonstrates significant clinical and hematological benefits in Iraqi patients with sickle cell anemia. The findings support its role as a safe and effective pharmacological therapy and highlight its importance in routine clinical practice.