Evaluation of black tea waste addition and inoculation with symbiotic fungi on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop traits

Zahraa University for Women, -College of Medical and Health Technologies, Al ,1Kerbala, Iraq 2,College of Sciences, University of Kerbala, Iraq

Abstract

The aim of this study is to understand the importance of mycorrhizal and black tea waste on yield parameters and active compounds for sunflowers instead of chemical fertilizers, which are considered harmful to human health.The experiment was conducted in the Hindiya area / Karbala / Iraq during the 2024 agricultural season at a latitude of 34.56 degrees, a longitude of 44.45 degrees, and an elevation of 24 meters above sea level. The experiment was designed according to the complete randomized block design as a factorial experiment (2 × 7 × 3). Sunflower seeds were planted in the spring season on 4/3/2024 in rows. After 20 days of emergence, the plants were thinned to one plant per hole, and black tea waste was mixed with the soil before planting.
.The results indicated a significant effect among the studied treatments, as treatment M3 excelled in the number of seeds in the disk (seed disk-1), weight of 100 seeds (g), biological yield (Mgha-1), oleic acid %, linoleic acid %, and thymol % by injecting the soil with mycorrhizal, yielding the highest average of 1783 seed disk-1, 64.06 g, 78.07 Mgha-1, 7.83%, 32.03%, and 8.79%, respectively. While black tea extract treatment T3 excelled in the number of seeds in the disk (seed disk-1), weight of 100 seeds (g), biological yield (Mgha-1), oleic acid %, linoleic acid %, and thymol %, with the highest averages of 1745 seed disk-1, 62.40 seed disk-1, 77.90 Mgha-1, 7.36%, 31.79%, and 7.88%, respectively.
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