Diversity and molecular identification of endosymbionts of the white-flies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59658/jkas.v10i3.1235Keywords:
Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, endosymbiont bacte-ria, 16S rRNA and 23S rRNAAbstract
The infection of insects with symbiotic bacteria has significant implications for the evolution and ecology of the hosts. Maternally inherited symbionts associated with B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum whiteflies play a vital role in their fitness and survival. Whitefly symbionts have been identified in many countries, but no study has been undertaken in Iraq and the UK. For the first time in both countries, the molecular identification and diversity of the symbionts of both whiteflies have been investigated in the present study. Fourteen populations of B. tabaci from Iraq and twenty populations of T. vaporariorum from the UK were used to detect and identify seven common endosymbiont bacteria associated with whitefly using the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA nuclear markers. All females and males of B. tabaci harboured one primary symbiont, Portiera aleyrodidarum, and almost all of both sexes of all B. tabaci species have the two secondary symbionts Hamiltonella sp. and Rickettsia sp. The primary symbiont P. aleyrodidarum was also detected in both sexes of T. vaporariorum, whereas only one secondary symbiont, Arsenophonus sp., was detected in almost all females but not in the males. Additionally, an investigation into genetic diversity using three genes of the Arsenophonus sp. populations showed no variation among different populations. The results supported the notion that Arsenophonus sp. might play an important role in the survival of T. vaporariorum females and maybe a killer of male whiteflies. Also, secondary symbionts Hamiltonella sp. and Rickettsia sp. with B. tabaci could support their host’s fitness and survival. These findings reveal the endosymbionts associated with B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum in Iraq and the UK, respectively. Further investigation is needed to understand the roles of these symbionts in both countries
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing Terms
All articles are published under a Creative Commons License and will be directed to the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY NC).
The Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY NC)permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Use by non-commercial users
For non-commercial and non-promotional purposes individual users may access, download, copy, display and redistribute the articles to colleagues, as well as adapt, translate, text- and data-mine the content subject to the following conditions:
- The authors' moral rights are not compromised. These rights include the right of "paternity" (also known as "attribution" - the right for the author to be identified as such) and "integrity" (the right for the author not to have the work altered in such a way that the author's reputation, or integrity may be impugned).
- Where content in the article is identified as belonging to a third party, it is the obligation of the user to ensure that any reuse complies with the copyright policies of the owner of that content.
- If article content is copied, downloaded, or otherwise reused for non-commercial research and education purposes, a link to the appropriate bibliographic citation (authors, journal, article title, volume, issue, page numbers, DOI and the link to the definitive published version on FSP website) should be maintained.
- Copyright notices and disclaimers must not be deleted.
- Any translations, for which a prior translation agreement with FSP has not been agreed, must prominently display the statement: "This is an unofficial translation of an article that appeared in a FSP publication. The publisher has not endorsed this translation."
Use by commercial "for-profit" organizations
Use of FSP Open Access articles for commercial, promotional, or marketing purposes requires further explicit permission from FSP (info@fspublishers.org) and will be subject to a fee.
Commercial purposes include:
Copying or downloading of articles, or linking to such articles for further redistribution, sale or licensing; Copying, downloading or posting by a site or service that incorporates advertising with such content; The inclusion, or incorporation of article content in other works, or services (other than normal quotations with an appropriate citation) that is then available for sale or licensing, for a fee (for example, a compilation produced for marketing purposes, inclusion in a sales pack); Use of article content (other than normal quotations with appropriate citation) by for-profit organizations for promotional purposes; Linking to article content in e-mails redistributed for promotional, marketing or educational purposes; Use for the purposes of monetary reward by means of sale, resale, license, loan, transfer or other form of commercial exploitation such as marketing products; Print reprints of articles can be purchased from journal.agri@uokerbala.edu.iq.
Permissions
- No special permission is required to reuse all, or part of article published by JKAS, including figures and tables for non-commercial purposes.
- Any part of the article may be reused, non-commercial purposes, without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited.
- Reuse of an article does not imply endorsement by the authors, JKAS
