Evaluation of Novel Biomarkers Fetuin-A and KIM-1 and Bacterial Isolation in Early Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease in Iraq

,Department of Biology , College of Science, University of Kerbala 2,College of Dentistry, University of Karbala

الملخص

This study evaluates the role of novel biomarkers Fetuin-A and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in early chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis. It identifies bacterial isolates associated with CKD patients in Iraq. One hundred-five samples (60 CKD patients and 45 healthy controls) were analyzed using ELISA for biomarker levels, and bacterial isolation was performed using standard culture methods. Results showed significantly elevated levels of Fetuin-A and KIM-1 in CKD patients compared to controls, correlating with disease progression stages. Commonly isolated bacteria included Klebsiella, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting potential infection risks in CKD. These findings suggest that Fetuin-A and KIM-1 are valuable biomarkers for early CKD detection, and bacterial infections are prevalent among CKD patients, emphasizing the need for early screening and targeted interventions. The novel biomarkers and high levels of renal function (urea and creatinine ) are related.