Association Between Changes in Biochemical Parameters and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Iraqi Patients in Kerbala

Abstract

Background :Diabetes mellitus has become a major global health concern and is associated with a wide range of metabolic and biochemical disturbances. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iraq, particularly in the Kerbala Governorate, highlights the need to better understand its contributing factors and biochemical correlates. This study aims to evaluate the metabolic profile of adult diabetic patients in Kerbala and to determine the association between diabetes and selected biochemical indicators. Methods: One hundred diabetic adults (40 patient and 10 control) were assessed through medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including BMI, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, zinc, and vitamin D. Results :Age and BMI showed strong correlations with diabetes. BMI distribution was 47.5% healthy weight, 37.5% overweight, 5% obese, and less than 10% underweight. Zinc and vitamin D showed a significant negative relationship, while fasting glucose and HbA1c showed positive correlations. About 65% of participants were on insulin therapy. Conclusion Age, BMI, and changes in zinc and vitamin D levels are important indicators linked to type 2 diabetes. Monitoring these markers may improve disease management.