Applying Crosby's constants to improve quality in Iraqi organizations

Abstract

The research discusses the application of Crosby's four constants, including quality, quality system, quality standard, and quality measure, in two organizations, one of which is qualified to obtain the ISO 9001:2000 certificate and the other is not qualified for that certificate. The research has proven that the organization being rehabilitated has improved performance from the inputs to the final product... The environment of this organization is also suitable for applying Crosby’s principles, the application of which reflects positively on improving quality as well as enhancing its competitiveness locally and internationally.