Measuring and Evaluation of Power Density Emitted by Communication Towers with Location and Time for Selected Areas in Karbala, Iraq

Abstract

This study aims to measure and evaluate the energy density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell phone towers in three locations in Karbala, Iraq. The first location is the area between the Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain and Abbas that represents religion area, while the second area is Al-Hussein District Street which represents a commercial location. The third place is Al-Ghadeer District (a residential area). Field measurements were performed by using an HF 59B Analyzer. This device is distinguished by its accuracy in measuring the energy density levels of electromagnetic radiation in the bands used in modern communication systems. The results showed that the highest radiation power density was recorded at 6:00 PM between the two Holy Shrine, with the average radiation intensity in some evening periods exceeding 2,000 µW/m². This is attributed to increased human activity during the evening hours and increased use of mobile phones during that time. In the Al-Ghadeer District, peak radiation was observed at 1:00 PM.