The Role of Withania Somnifera Against Levofloxacin Effect in Oxidative Stress, Sperm Parameters and DNA Integrity of Male Rats

Abstract

Folk medicine across various cultures has relied on medicinal plants for their distinctive therapeutic properties. Among these plants is Withania somnifera, which is reputed for its potential to enhance sexual health and improve semen quality and inhibit lipid peroxidation as well as its anti-ageing, and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the inherent protective role of W. somnifera against the effects of Levofloxacin, specifically focusing on DNA damage and sperm quality in a rat model. In order to achieve this objective, a total of thirty adult male rats were carefully assigned to five separate experimental groups, including the Control group (C) saline-treated for 60 days. Group (W) W. somnifera root extract was orally treated for 60 days. Group (L) Levofloxacin orally treated for 60 days. Group (W+L) Levofloxacin was orally co-administered and pre-treated with W. somnifera root extract for 60 days. Group (L+W) Levofloxacin was orally co-administered and post-treated with W. somnifera root extract for 60 days. The degree of protection was estimated using the oxidative stress biomarkers, sperm concentration, motility, viability, morphology, and comet assay. The administration of Levofloxacin resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in various parameters, including Total Oxidative Status (TOS), sperm abnormality (Head and Tail abnormality), and the presence of immotile sperm. Additionally, significant damage to sperm DNA was observed, as confirmed by the comet assay. Furthermore, Levofloxacin treatment led to a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) levels and reductions in sperm concentration, motility, and viability. W. somnifera root extract treatment post and pre-Levofloxacin improved recovery of these biochemical changes and boosted sperm quality. In conclusion, W. somnifera root extract may protect against levofloxacin-induced sperm damage in rats.